Introduction
Rape, a grave criminal offense, has become a focal point in national discussions, eliciting diverse
perspectives from social scientists and legal practitioners regarding its definition. The discourse often
hinges on varying viewpoints, with some emphasizing the role of consent, while others consider
penetration as the defining factor. For the purposes of this study, rape is defined as an unlawful sexual
activity involving forced or coercive sexual intercourse, typically against the will of a female or a male or
with an individual below a certain age or incapable of providing valid consent.
Beyond the physical ramifications, rape inflicts profound social and psychological trauma, leaving enduring
effects that extend far beyond the immediate incident. Reports consistently highlight the heightened
vulnerability of women and girls to this societal ill, influenced by factors ranging from economic
dependence to cultural norms reinforcing masculine dominance. Culture not only contributes to the
occurrence of rape but also impedes reporting, resulting in underreporting and limited data for
comprehensive analysis and decision-making. In recent years, increased attention from civil society
organizations and the domestication of the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act 2015 (VAPP Act) in
select states have led to a notable rise in reported cases.
Despite this positive trend in reporting, concerns persist regarding the swift dispensation of justice. Many
perpetrators remain at large or have been apprehended, with only a fraction facing prosecution and
conviction. This underscores the urgent need to fortify the criminal justice system, considering measures
such as the establishment of dedicated courts or innovative approaches to ensure expeditious justice
delivery.
This study endeavors to assess the prevailing trends and patterns of rape in Nigeria, a country situated
within the ECOWAS and African Union frameworks. The hypothesis posits the existence of incidences of
rape in Nigeria, underscoring the imperative for a comprehensive understanding of this pervasive issue and
the development of effective strategies to address it
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